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The 2006–2008 Lebanese protests were a series of political protests and sit-ins that began on December 1, 2006,〔MPLBelgique.org (December 1, 2011). ("Rétrospective – décembre 2006 : Retour sur le mouvement d’opposition au gouvernement Siniora… où joie et bonne humeur contrastent avec la haine prônée aujourd’hui par le clan Hariri" ).〕 led by groups in Lebanon that opposed the US and Saudi-backed government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora and ended on May 21, 2008 following the Doha Agreement. The opposition group was made up of Hezbollah, Amal, and the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM); a number of smaller parties were also involved, including the Marada party, the Lebanese Communist Party and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.〔Cecil, Bill, ("Half of Lebanon rallies to demand sweeping changes" ). Retrieved January 14, 2007.〕 The majority of the members of the government were part of the anti-Syrian March 14 Alliance, a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon. The two groups were also divided along religious lines, with most Sunnis and Druze supporting the government, and most Shi'a supporting the opposition group. The Christian community was split between the two factions, with Michel Aoun, the leader of the FPM, claiming to have more than 70% support among the Christians, according to the results of the 2005 parliamentary elections. The opposition, which had nearly 45% of the parliamentary seats, was seeking to create a national unity government, in which it demanded one more than one third of the Cabinet seats. This would give them veto power, as well as the ability to collapse the government.〔San Francisco Cronicle (December 15, 2006). ("In Lebanon, Saniora stiffens his resistance" ). Retrieved December 18, 2006.〕 Unlike other democracies, Lebanon cannot be ruled by a simple majority. The government refused the demands. The opposition was also seeking to hold early parliamentary elections, hoping to remove the current majority held by the March 14 Alliance.〔〔Reuters (December 18, 2006). ("Lebanon opposition demands early elections" ). Retrieved December 18, 2006.〕 Conversely, the March 14 Alliance majority was seeking to hold early presidential elections to replace pro-Syrian President Émile Lahoud.〔 In the Lebanese political system, parliament elects the president. However, according to article 49 of the constitution, the President of Lebanon must receive two-thirds of the votes in the first session or an absolute majority of votes in subsequent sessions. On April 8, 2007, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, leader of the opposition, declared the situation deadlocked, but expressed an unwillingness to escalate the protests into a civil war.〔 〕 He suggested the status quo would continue until the regularly scheduled elections in 2009.〔 Nevertheless, a new wave of sectarian violence started in Lebanon during the first decade of May 2008. Responding to the government's crackdown on Hezbollah's secured network the militants belonging to the organization and its allies have blocked Beirut airport as well as main city streets, paralyzing the life in the capital. On May 8, 2008, gun battles erupted between Hezbollah supporters and pro-government loyalists, while the leader of the organization called the government's decision "a declaration of war". Following one week of clashes in May 2008, leaders of both the opposition and majority signed the Doha Agreement, defusing the 18-month crisis. The agreement entailed the election of General Michel Sulaiman as President and the formation of a national-unity government under Fouad Siniora. ==Background== Following the Cedar Revolution and subsequent elections in July 2005, anti-Syrian and pro-American politicians held the majority of the twenty four seats in Prime Minister Fouad Siniora's cabinet, as well as the majority of the democratically elected parliament. Pro-Syrian and the Aoun Movement politicians held a minority of the seats in both the Cabinet of Ministers and the Parliament. Even though they won a majority, the pro-US group were not able to secure a two-third majority. The anti-Syrian politicians were primarily members of the March 14 Alliance led by Saad Hariri, son of assassinated former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea, and PSP leader Walid Jumblatt, amongst others. The opposition politicians were primarily members of anti-Syrian and Michel Aoun's Free Patriotic Movement, pro-Syrian Hassan Nasrallah's Hezbollah, and Nabih Berri's Amal Movement. As political division in Lebanon persisted, Speaker of the Parliament Nabih Berri and thirteen other Lebanese leaders from various religious groups and political affiliations convened a "National Dialogue" conference on March 2, 2006. The aim of the conference was to address issues ranging from the status of President Émile Lahoud to the assassinations of prominent Lebanese figures, and the disputed border region of Shebaa farms, currently held by Israel. Also on the agenda, the establishment of diplomatic relations with Syria.〔Congressional Research Service (March 16, 2006). ("CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Lebanon" ). Retrieved December 12, 2006.〕 On July 12, 2006, a Hezbollah raid across the Israeli border resulted in the capture of two soldiers and the deaths of three others, setting off a 34-day conflict between Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli army. The conflict resulted in the deaths of over 1,100 Lebanese, the majority of whom were civilians,〔(Lebanon Sees More Than 1,000 War Deaths )〕〔Scientific American (January 23, 2007). ("Lebanon faces major environmental harm: UN" ). Retrieved January 23, 2007.〕〔Catholic News Service (January 20, 2007). ("Mother asks questions of family’s survival from the war in Lebanon" ). Retrieved January 23, 2006.〕〔Gulf News Daily (January 23, 2007). ("Lebanon crisis plan upgraded by Philippines" ). Retrieved January 23, 2007.〕〔BBC News (August 23, 2006). ("Israel accused of war crimes " ). Retrieved January 26, 2007.〕〔BBC News (October 1, 2006). ("UN hails Israel's Lebanon pullout " ). Retrieved January 26, 2007.〕 and the destruction of a significant amount of national civilian infrastructure, including Rafiq Hariri International Airport. However, due to the failure of Israeli forces to eliminate Hezbollah's leadership, halt Katyusha rockets and mortar attacks on northern Israel, did not rescue its two captured soldiers, Hezbollah declared victory. By resisting destruction at the hands of a far more powerful opponent, Hezbollah's support in Lebanon increased significantly amongst sectors of the population. The ruling government, by contrast, was seen by some as impotent in comparison, for its failure to effectively combat the Israeli forces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2006–08 Lebanese protests」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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